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Surgical Posting Year 3 Doctor of Medicine

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Alhamdulillah, I have completed my surgical posting in third year in two months (9 weeks actually including exam week). There are so many things I learnt throughout this posting. Here are some useful tips to prepare for this surgical posting if you are a medical students: 1. Learn from patient Yes, go to the ward and observe what the staffs do there. Went to clerk patients to sharpen my communication and clinical skills. Then, performed physical examination. Some diseases can be ruled out by these two skills; history taking and physical exam. No need for imaging, if needed just for confirmation. Patient can teach us a lot.  What medical devices attach to the patient. What common procedures done in the ward. Common medications used in the ward and many more. Learn from the people in the wards. 2. Read more Before you see patient, make sure to have some basic ideas about surgical diseases. At least, you don't come empty and go back also empty. Grab some rough idea and observe it on y...
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CERVICAL CANCER Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among Malaysian women after breast and colorectal cancer being the first and second respectively. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality are in low- and middle-income countries. This reflects major inequities driven by lack of access to national HPV vaccination, cervical screening and treatment services and social and economic determinants. Cervical cancer begins from uncontrolled cell growth in the cervix. A cervix is an organ located at the opening of the uterus (womb) and connects it to the vagina. In Malay, we call it 'pangkal rahim'. The cervix has two main parts: ectocervix and endocervix. These two zones are lined by different types of cells. Ectocervix is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium while the endocervix is lined by simple columnar epithelium.  Between ectocervix and endocervix, there is a region known as a transf...
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Helicobacter Pylori Infection; Short Note for Undergraduate Medical Student

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  Helicobacter pylori Infection By: Hariz Hizami Hatta 1.       Characteristics: a)     gram negative b)      microaerophilic (require environment with lower level of oxygen) c)       bacilli (cork-crew shape) d)      has flagella (motility) e)      ROT: faecal-oral   2.      Disease associated with H. pylori: a)      chronic gastritis b)      peptic ulcer disease   ·          It has lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell surface that are less mitogenic, pyrogenic and toxic compare to other Enterobacteriaceae ·          Has ability to neutralize gastric acid by secreting urease that will be converted into ammonia (alkaline), subsequently can withstand the acidity and continue causing in...
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Medicine Review: Peptic Ulcer Disease

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MEDICINE REVIEW: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE BY: HARIZ HIZAMI HATTA 1.       Defence mechanism of the stomach layers a)       Mucous secretion ·          Function as protective barrier of stomach epithelium by covering it with thick surface mucous layer to prevent direct contact of gastric acidity to the stomach cells   b)       Bicarbonate ion secretion ·          Protecting the gastric mucosa by neutralizing the gastric acid   c)       Mucosal blood flow regulation ·          This regulation will ensure oxygen and nutrients are provided to the gastric mucosa and help the ability to recover from damage by regeneration   d)       Apical membrane transporters (pH balance) ·       ...
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